Reunion Island (otherwise known as La Réunion) was uninhabited until the mid-17th century, when it became a stopover on the burgeoning trade routes. The island was valued for its abundance of fresh water which was available near the coast. As a result, many navigators – Arabic, Portuguese and English – visited Reunion, which appeared on numerous maps under different names.
The French were first to inhabit Reunion. They used it as a prison, or rather a penal colony, for undesirables from Madagascar. The Kingdom of France then tried to penetrate the south of the Big Island, located 700km further west. In 1638, the small volcanic island became known as Bourbon, “possession of the king”. An engraved rock on the shore marked the occasion, and today Bourbon belongs to the community that calls itself the interesting name: La Possession!
Climate
Reunion’s climate is tropical. Temperatures are affected by elevation. The average coastal temperature is between 64°F and 88°F (18°C to 31°C), with temperatures dropping in the interior. Humidity is high. The island has two seasons: summer and winter. November to April is hot and rainy, while May to October is usually dry and cool and is the popular time for travel to Réunion. The cyclone season runs from mid-November to mid-April and the island is occasionally affected. Like the rest of Reunion, Saint Denis has a tropical climate. Temperatures in the capital range between 70°F and 79°F (21°C to 26°C). November to April is hot and rainy, while the rest of the year is slightly cooler and drier. Humidity is high, particularly on the east coast. Saint-Denis is home to the Indian Ocean’s only tropical cyclone monitoring centre, although the island itself is only affected occasionally.
A blue and green island
Because of this steep terrain, human activities take place at the coast, where the following principal towns are situated: Saint Denis, the administrative centre; Saint Paul, the first “capital”; and Saint Pierre, the most southerly town. The beautiful Creole architecture that characterises these towns has been well preserved.
On the shore, at Saint Gilles and Saint Leu, as well as at l’Etang-Salé, a breeze blows all year long. The high basins and plains are typically rural and populated with well-kept cabins, fields hugging the slopes and pastures dotted with herds. Sugarcane forms a green belt around the island, only interrupted in the southeast by the imposing dome of the volcano.
The rugged terrain doesn’t leave much room for agriculture. The volcanic mountain, carpeted with vegetation and waterfalls, reigns supreme.
The original forest is still visible at Bébour-Bélouve, in the Plaine-des-Palmistes region, or at Mare-Longue, near Saint Philippe. A unique species of tree, the “Tamarin des Hauts", grows in the high-lying woods.
Hence, Reunion offers a diverse landscape of lush vegetation and rocky terrain, as well as beaches, tropical heat and fresh mountain air.
A celebration of nature
Reunion’s inhabitants value their island’s plant life. Whether you’re a botanist, an amateur gardener or a plant lover, Reunion’s flora will inspire you. In this tiny land lost in the middle of a vast ocean, indigenous plants abound on the coast and in the high-lying forests. Man’s arrival in Reunion introduced alien plant species to the island. Today, for instance, palm trees from around the world stand alongside the native Bourbon latanier palm.
Reunion’s fauna consist of sea and air creatures. The elegant Tropicbird is the national bird; it nests in the cliffs near the ocean. The Papangue is a bird of prey that circles around the basins and ravines, while Java deer frolic about in the forests.
The ocean teems with life even close to the shore. The reef “slope” provides a habitat for both coral and the sea creatures and plants. Beyond the reef starts the kingdom of large migratory fish such Blue Marlin, Common Dolphinfish, Sailfish, Tuna, Barracuda and a host of fish that are caught for commercial purposes.
Religion and customs
Despite their historical attachment to France, Reunion’s citizens remain proud of their respective roots. Muslims, Catholics and Hindus live alongside one another and religion forms a large part of life for these islanders.
In the towns, the calls of the muezzin often answer the bells of the churches, while incense burns under the impassive eye of Buddha. Some descendants of slaves still perpetuate the “Malagasy service”, a rite of homage to their ancestors. Even though Catholicism is the most practised faith, the Hindu community gives the island its most remarkable customs. Hinduism shows its colours on the façades of the island’s many temples. In October and November, Deepavali, the “festival of lights”, draws thousands of faithful. In addition processions and spectacular “fire walking” are organised to the rhythm of an ancient calendar.
Maloya, a moving hybrid of blues music, originated from the island’s slaves, while Sega music reflects both European and African influences. In Reunion, the expression of culture is a reflection of its inhabitants: everyone is free to commemorate and celebrate their customs.
Gastronomy as a Creole way of life
The island’s cuisine is as diverse as its population. No dish has kept its original flavour, thanks to influences from Bourbonese, French, Indian and Chinese recipes.
The two dishes every visitor should taste are Lamb Masala, an Indian recipe, and curry. Curry is the major local speciality. It takes the form of a meat, fish or shellfish stew prepared with garlic, onions, ginger, cloves, turmeric and other local spices. Curries are served with white rice and “grains” such as beans, broad beans or lentils, topped with a spicy condiment made from tomatoes, lemon and pistachios called rougail. However, sausage rougail is a smoked sausage curry: nothing to do with the condiment. The same goes for smoked rougail, which is a smoked pork curry.
In the Creole culture, it is very important to eat well. Cooking remains an art, and secrets are passed from mother to daughter across the generations.
In the old days, rice was the main course. Although rice remains an integral part of traditional cuisine, it is now the accompanying food that’s the focus.
Craftsmanship
Over the years, craftsmanship has increased in popularity, mainly due to increased tourism to the island. Besides the typical tourist souvenirs like T-shirts, books, food products like vanilla, DVDs and CDs, some items made in Reunion are quite rare. Examples of these include items made from tortoise-shell (jewellery, lacquered boxes and boxes with tortoise-shell inlay) and fish skin (shagreen). You will also find objects made from woven vegetable fibres.
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More than 6 weeks prior to departure:
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Saint Gilles Les Bains is Reunion’s sun, sea and sand holiday Mecca. There are coral reefs for swimming, snorkelling or diving. As Reunion is a French prefect, Saint Gilles Les Bains has a distinctly French Riviera feel about it.
Further down the west coast is Saint Leu, a surfer’s paradise.
The Palm Hotel lies in the south, surrounded by a 3,5ha nature park, and overlooks the most beautiful coral beach on the island: Grand Anse.
Saint Denis was the second town founded in Reunion, after Saint Paul. In the mid-17th century, the site of the future Saint Denis was just a wild corner where a fort was due to be built. Saint Denis became a town in 1689.
Link to business and beach itineraries.
Reunion is a small island that’s almost round in shape: a main road goes all the way around it, over 240 kilometres (150 miles). Born of two major volcanic events, the island takes the form of a mountain rising out of the ocean.
The first volcano occurred two-and-a-half million years ago. The magma gushing out of the crater spread around and into the ocean, making up what is today the high point of the island: the Piton des Neiges (snow peak), measuring 3 069 metres.
Today, at the centre of the island are three gigantic basins (cirques): Mafate, Cilaos and Salazie.
Link to our self-drive itineraries.
The second volcanic event occurred 380 000 years ago, about 30 kilometres to the southeast. A new volcanic mound formed and became attached to the first. This is how the Piton de la Fournaise (Furnace Peak), measuring 2,632m, was formed. It is still active today and regularly erupts, offering a spectacle all the more enchanting as you can safely approach lava flows and fountains.
Definitely the most thrilling site must be Piton de la Fournaise in the south east, when you can get close. The island is a haven for vulcanologists and there is even a Volcano Museum to put you properly in the picture.
Hiking lovers come from all over the world in order to discover Reunion Island. Its reputation in terms of hiking is firmly established. Nature speaks by itself.
Link to our self-drive and hiking itineraries.